![]() Like other primates, marmosets recapitulate the core physiological properties and brain architecture of humans and share ~93% sequence identity with the human genome (Marmoset Genome Sequencing Analysis Consortium, 2014). Output from our inclusive sensor system design allows statistical analysis of developmental changes. Moreover, social environmental effects associated with feeding were assessed. In addition to these index settings, our sensing system considered estimated environmental effects of room temperature average and gradient, and temperature and humidity outside the housing structure. ![]() In particular, we focused on the infant neurodevelopmental stage as a time period that would feature common phasic shifts in locomotion and temperature, as well as in the proposed psychological index ‘place preference’. Here we report our ability to acquire and process data on individual animals’ biological conditions and surrounding environment utilizing our low-cost, low-resolution, multiple index sensing system. The infrared sensor had been utilized not only in industry but also for human sensing. This allowed us to seek novel functions in the data. Because the sensing data unit was light enough, due to the low pixel image resolution, we could use higher time resolution, 1 Hz, to acquire data for one month, including both days and nights, in the home ambient condition. Thus, we focused on the use of an uncooled thermoelectric infrared imaging sensor utilizing a thermopile focal plane array detector that features a 48 × 47 grid (2256 elements) made of silicon wafer and connected to the central processing unit of a computer by a serial peripheral interface. Alternatively, an inexpensive and low resolution infrared image sensor life monitoring application requiring a lighter image processing load, opens the possibility of longitudinal, home-based assessments of biological data that can inform understanding of individual subjects health and developmental conditions. A sensor with high sensitivity and resolution may have advanced possibilities but is also expensive and requires a powerful signal-processing central processing unit (CPU). Recent improvements in image sensors enable us to use them for novel human detection. We propose that this cost-effective, inclusive sensing and analytic technique has value for understanding developmental care conditions for which continual home non-invasive monitoring would be beneficial and further suggest the potential to adapt this technique for use in humans. The origin of this switch was related to earlier development of body temperature (BT) rhythms and alteration of psychological behavior rhythms (BD) around earlier feeding times. Although environmental variables appeared to affect circadian rhythm development, principal component analysis and signal superimposing imaging methods revealed a novel phasic pattern of BD-BT correlation day/night switching in animals older than postnatal day 38 (approximately equivalent to one year of age in humans). ![]() The semi-automatically tracked biological indices of locomotion velocity (BV) and body surface temperature (BT) and the potential psychological index of place preference toward the door (BD), showed age-dependent shifts in circadian phase patterns. To validate this system, we first compared it to a manual analysis technique and we then assessed the development of circadian rhythms in common marmosets from postnatal day 15–45. We tested this technology along with the associated analysis algorithm to visualize the effects of parental care and thermal environment on developmental state change in a non-human primate model, the common marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus). Therefore, we developed a low-cost infrared (IR) technology-based motion, location, temperature and thermal environment detection system that can be used non-invasively for long-term studies in the home environment. The use of home-based image sensors for biological and environmental monitoring provides novel insight into health and development but it is difficult to evaluate people during their normal activities in their home. ![]()
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